Research Goal

Funding

Funding for this research was received from the following sources: NSF / DHS - RISC: Regional Information Sharing and Collaboration Sept. 1, 2006 – Aug. 31, 2007 (PI: Chen) $300,000   NSF/CIA 2004-2005 (PI: Chen) $150,000 "A Data Mining Framework for Deception Detection,"   # 0429364 Oct. 1, 2004 - Sept. 30, 2007 NSF -- Digital Government (DG) Program $600,000 (PIs: Chen, Atabakhsh) "COPLINK* Center: Social Network Analysis and Identify Deception Detection for Law Enforcement and Homeland Security,"   DHS / CNRI: Sept. 2003 - Nov. 2004. BorderSafe Phase 1: $550,000 Oct. 1 2003 – Sept. 30, 2004 BorderSafe Phase 2: $585,000 June 1, 2004 – Mar. 31, 2005   # 0326348 Sept. 1, 2003 - Aug. 31, 2006. NSF -- Information Technology Research (ITR) Program $700,000 "COPLINK* Center for Intelligence and Security Informatics Research - "A Crime Data Mining Approach to Developing Border Safe Research."   # 9983304 Apr. 2003 - Jan. 2005 NSF -- Knowledge Discovery and Dissemination (KDD) Program $752,000 "NSF/CIA KDD ARJIS/Coplink* "Border Safe" Research and Testbed" # 9983304 July 1, 2000 - Sept. 30, 2006 NSF -- Digital Government (DG) Program $1,600,000 "COPLINK* Center: Information and Knowledge Management for Law Enforcement"   97-LB-VX-K023 Oct. 1997 - Sept. 1999 Tucson Police Department/sub - National Institute of Justice $941,887 "COPLINK*: Database Integration and Access for a Law Enforcement Intranet" Apr. 2000 - July 2000 $55,000 COPLINK*: Concept Space for Intelligence Analysis at TPD #US-1998004   Compaq Computer Corporation External Technology Grants Program $198,451

Acknowledgements

National Science Foundation, NSF and DHS - RISC: Regional Information Sharing and Collaboration. Sept. 1, 2006-Aug. 31, 2007. NSF, Knowledge Discovery and Dissemination (KDD) # 9983304, June 2003-March 2004 and October 2003 - March 2004. NSF, ITR: "COPLINK* Center for Intelligence and Security Informatics Research - "A Crime Data Mining Approach to Developing Border Safe Research." Sept. 1, 2003 - Aug. 31, 2004. NSF, Digital Government (DG) Program, COPLINK* Center: Information and Knowledge Management for Law Enforcement, # 9983304, July, 2000-June, 2003. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI): "Border Safe," Oct. 1, 2003 - March 31, 2005. National Institute of Justice, COPLINK*: Database Integration and Access for a Law Enforcement Intranet, July 1997-January 2000. We would like to thank The Tucson Police Department for its support and collaboration in the COPLINK* project. We would like to thank The Phoenix Police Department for its support and collaboration in the COPLINK* project. We would like to thank Tucson Customs and Border Protection (CBP) for its support and collaboration in the BorderSafe and RISC projects. We would like to thank the Compaq Computer Corporation External Technology Grants Program, agreement #US-1998004, for their award of a $198,451 equipment grant allowance toward the purchase of a DECAlpha Server for the COPLINK* project. * The COPLINK system was initially developed by the University of Arizona Artificial Intelligence Lab with funding from the National Institute of Justice and the National Science Foundation since 1997. With additional venture funding and product development, Knowledge Computing Corporation (KCC) currently distributes, maintains, and updates the commercially available COPLINK Solution Suite.

Approach & Methodology

Testbed: Tucson Police Department Pima County Sheriff's Department Tucson Customs and Border Protection

Team Members

Dr. Hsinchun Chen hchen@eller.arizona.edu    Dr. Homa Atabakhsh homa@eller.arizona.edu    Dr. Daniel Zeng zeng@eller.arizona.edu    Kris Chang apgreddy2@yahoo.com    Danning Hu (Josh) hud@email.arizona.edu    Shailesh Joshi shaileshpjoshi@gmail.com    Siddharth Kaza sidd@email.arizona.edu    Sven Thoms sthoms@email.arizona.edu    Chun-Ju Tseng (Lu) chunju@email.arizona.edu    Roopali Wakhare rwakhare@yahoo.com Tucson Police Department (TPD) Partners    Detective Tim Petersen Tim.Petersen@tucsonaz.gov    Lt. Jenny Schroeder Jenny.Schroeder@tucsonaz.gov    Sgt. Chuck Violette Chuck.Violette@tucsonaz.gov    Daniel Casey dcasey1@ci.tucson.az.us

Publications

S. Kaza, Y. Wang, , H. Chen, "Suspect Vehicle Identification for Border Safety with Modified Mutual Information," In Proceedings of the Intelligence and Security Informatics: IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI 2006), San Diego, CA, USA, May 23-24, 2006 D. Reis, A. Melo, A. L.V. Coelho, and V. Furtado, " Towards Optimal Police Patrol Routes with Genetic Algorithms," In Proceedings of the Intelligence and Security Informatics: IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI 2006), San Diego, CA, USA, May 23-24, 2006 B. Marshall , H. Chen, "Using Importance Flooding to Identify Interesting Networks of Criminal Activity," In Proceedings of the Intelligence and Security Informatics: IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI 2006), San Diego, CA, USA, May 23-24, 2006 G. Wang, H. Atabakhsh, T. Petersen, H. Chen, "Discovering Identity Problems: A Case Study," In Proceedings of the Intelligence and Security Informatics: IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI 2005), Atlanta, GA, USA, May 19-20, 2005 S. Kaza, B. Marshall, J. Xu, A. Wang, H. Gowda, H. Atabakhsh, T. Petersen, C. Violette, and H. Chen, "BorderSafe: Cross-Jurisdictional Information Sharing, Analysis, and Visualization," IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI), Atlanta, GA, 2005. S. Kaza, T. Wang, H. Gowda, and H. Chen, "Target Vehicle Identification for Border Safety using Mutual Information," 8th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vienna, Austria, 2005 S. Kaza, J. Xu, and H. Chen, "Topological Analysis of Criminal Activity Networks in Multiple Jurisdictions," The National Conference on Digital Government Research (DGO), Atlanta, GA, 2005. Y. Xianga,*, M. Chau, H. Atabakhsh, H. Chen, "Visualizing criminal relationships: comparison of a hyperbolic tree and a hierarchical list" Decision Support Systems 41 (2005), Pages 69– 83 H. Chen, H. Atabakhsh, C. Tseng, B. Marshall, S. Kaza, S. Eggers, H. Gowda, A. Shah, T. Petersen, and C. Violette, "Visualization in law enforcement," CHI '05 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, Portland, OR, USA, 2005. J. Xu, B. Marshall, S. Kaza, and H. Chen, "Analyzing and Visualizing Criminal Network Dynamics: A Case Study," IEEE Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI), Tucson, AZ, 2004. B. Marshall, S. Kaza, J. Xu, H. Atabakhsh, T. Petersen, C. Violette, and H. Chen, "Cross-Jurisdictional Criminal Activity Networks to Support Border and Transportation Security," 7th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Washington D.C., 2004. G. Wang, H. Chen, J. Xu, H. Atabakhsh, "Automatically Detecting Criminal Identity Deception: An Adaptive Detection Algorithm", IEEE Transactions on System, Man and Cybernetics, Part A, conditionally accepted. Jiexun Li, Rong Zheng, Hsinchun Chen, "From Fingerprint to Writeprint," 2004. H. Atabakhsh, C. Larson, T. Petersen, C. Violette, and H. Chen, "Information sharing and collaboration policies within government agencies," at 2nd Symposium on Intelligence and Security Informatics, June 10-11 2004, Tucson, AZ, 2004. G. Wang, H. Chen, and H. Atabakhsh, "Automatically Detecting Deceptive Criminal Identities," Communications of the ACM, 47(3): 70-76, March 2004 G. Wang, H. Chen, H. Atabakhsh, “Criminal Identity Deception and Deception Detection in Law Enforcement,” Group Decision and Negotiation, Special Issues on Deception, 13(2): 111-127, March 2004. H. Chen, W. Chung, J. Xu, G. Wang, M. Chau and Y. Qin, “Crime Data Mining: A General Framework and Some Examples,” IEEE Computer; 37(4):50-56, April 2004. Jennifer J. Xu*, Hsinchun Chen, "Criminal Network Analysis and Visualization: A Data Mining Perspective" Forthcoming article accepted for publication in Communications of the ACM Jennifer J. Xu*, Hsinchun Chen, "Fighting organized crimes: using shortest-path algorithms to identify associations in criminal networks" Forthcoming article accepted for publication in Decision Support Systems (DSS) H. Chen, D. Zeng, H. Atabakhsh, W. Wyzga, and J. Schroeder COPLINK* Managing Law Enforcement Data and Knowledge Communications of the ACM pages 28-34, Volume 46, Number 1, January 2003   H. Chen, J. Schroeder, R. Hauck, L. Ridgeway, H. Atabakhsh, H. Gupta, C. Boarman, K. Rasmussen and A. Clements COPLINK* Connect: information and knowledge management for law enforcement Decision Support Systems (DSS), Special Issue "Digital Government: technologies and practices" pages 271-285, Volume 34, Number 3, February 2003 Ty Buetow, Luis Chaboya, Christopher O’Toole, Tom Cushna, Damien Daspit, Tim Petersen, Homa Atabakhsh, Hsinchun Chen. A Spatio Temporal Visualizer for Law Enforcement. First NSF/NIJ Symposium on Intelligence and Security Informatics. Tucson AZ, June 2003. H. Chen, H. Atabakhsh, D. Zeng, J. Schroeder, T., Petersen, D. Casey, M. Chen, Y. Xiang, D. Daspit, S. Nandiraju, S. Fu COPLINK*: Visualization and Collaboration for Law Enforcement. Proceedings of the National Conference on Digital Government, May 20-22, 2002, Los Angeles, CA.   Chau, M, Xu, J, and Chen, H., "Extracting Meaningful Entities from Police Narrative Reports," in Proceedings of the second National Conference on Digital Government Research, May 2002, Los Angeles CA. R. Hauck, H. Atabakhsh, P. Onguasith, H. Gupta, H. Chen Using Coplink* to Analyse Criminal-Justice Data IEEE Computer, pages 30-37, Volume 35, March 2002   J. Martinez, A. Moosman Report of COPLINK* Detect User Study August 2002   Homa Atabakhsh, Jennifer Schroeder, Hsinchun Chen, Michael Chau, Jennifer Jie Xie, Jing Zhang, Haidong Bi. COPLINK* Knowledge Management for Law Enforcement: Text Analysis, Visualization and Collaboration. National Conference on Digital Government. May 2001, Los Angeles CA.   Michael Chau, Homa Atabakhsh, Daniel Zeng, Hsinchun Chen. Building an Infrastructure for Law Enforcement Information Sharing and Collaboration: Design Issues and Challenges. National Conference on Digital Government. May 2001, Los Angeles CA.   Hsinchun Chen Coplink*: A National Model for Law Enforcement Information Sharing and Knowledge Management Coplink* Center Workshop: Law Enforcement Information Sharing and Analysis: Technologies and Practices for the 21st Century, January 2001   Rosie Hauck and Jenny Schroeder COPLINK*: A Collaboration of Research and Application for Law Enforcement Coplink* Center Workshop: Law Enforcement Information Sharing and Analysis: Technologies and Practices for the 21st Century, January 2001   H. Chen, R. V. Hauck, H. Atabakhsh, H. Gupta, C. Boarmana, J Schroeder, L. Ridgeway COPLINK*: Information and Knowledge Management for Law Enforcement Photonics East Conference, SPIE, Technologies for Law Enforcement; Boston Nov. 5-8, 2000   "NIJ Presentation 2000: COPLINK* Overview" April, 2000 Boarman, Christopher "Coplink*: Database Deployment(ppt)" "Coplink*: Refreshment Subsystem Design(ppt)" April, 2000 Jennifer Schroeder, Hsinchun Chen, Homa Atabakhsh, Emily Werner, Shantel Ekman, Harsh Gupta, Rosie V. Hauck, David Hendriawan, Chris Boarman "NIJ Presentation 1999" October 20, 1999 Hauck, Rosie V. "Coplink*: Exploring Usability of a Multimedia Database Application for Law Enforcement(pdf)" October 20, 1999 Jennifer Schroeder, Hsinchun Chen, Hauck, Rosie V. "NIJ Final Proposal(abstract)" "NIJ Final Proposal" September, 1999 Hauck, Rosie V. and Dr. Chen, Hsinchun "Coplink*: A Case of Intelligent Analysis and Knowledge Management(pdf)" "Coplink*: A Case of Intelligent Analysis and Knowledge Management(ppt)" International Conference on Information Systems '99 Sochan, John T. and Chen, Hsinchun "Tucson Police Department COPLINK* Mobile Computing Technology Assessment" Sochan, John T. "CDPD Demonstration Plan for a Tucson Police Department Web-Based Mobile Computing Application" August 22, 1997 B. Schatz, H. Chen "Building Large-Scale Digital Libraries(pdf)" IEEE Computer May, 1996 K. Lynch, F. Rodgers "Development of Integrated Criminal Justice Expert System Applications" Journal of Forensic Identification Volume 39, Number 5, 1989    NEWS ITEMS   Software Helps Police Draw Crime Links "Coplink*," the program sifts through tens of millions of police records, from 911 calls to homicide investigations, to deliver a short list of potential leads in just seconds. The Boston Globe July 17, 2003 ‘Google’ for Cops Software helps police search for cyber clues to bust criminals. ABC News April 15, 2003 Crime: A Google for Cops A computerized way for police to coordinate crime databases. Newsweek Magazine March 3, 2003 The PTI Technology Award Coplink* project receives "The PTI Technology Award" in the public safety category for mid-size cities. Public Technology, INC. January, 2003 "Data Miners" Americans got a glimpse of how such a system might work this fall during the Washington-sniper investigation. Two weeks into the shootings, Knowledge Computing, an Arizona company whose COPLINK* system has integrated police databases. Time Magazine Global Business Supplement December 23, 2002 "Coplink*," an artificial-intelligence–driven search engine for crime characteristics, scans multiple databases for connections among names, vehicles, physical descriptions, and other aspects of a crime or criminal . PC Magazine December 17, 2002 "A Sherlock Holmes for the Internet Age" Content in Chinese. Life Week Magazine November 18, 2002 "A Missing Link Most Wanted" Linking facts in the sniper case will be a big test of what Coplink* can do. Just for this project, all information from Maryland, the District and Virginia and from federal databases such as the FBI's Rapidstart is being collected in a single, searchable data file. The Washington Post November 7, 2002 "An Electronic Cop That Plays Hunches" It is an Internet-based system called Coplink*, developed at an artificial intelligence laboratory, that allows police departments to establish links quickly among their own files and to those of other departments. The New York Times November 2, 2002 "Tucson Cops, local software to help in D.C. sniper probe" A computer database system that Tucson police employ in crime investigations will be used in the hunt for the Washington, D.C.-area sniper or snipers. Tucson Citizen October 23, 2002 "Sniper probe to get help from Tucson" A program developed by the University of Arizona will be used to try to capture the Washington, D.C., area sniper. Arizona Daily Star October 23, 2002 "Regional Information Sharing Project for Huntsville, Texas Law Enforcement Agencies" The city of Huntsville, TX recently granted a contract to implement COPLINK*, a law enforcement records-sharing tool, in an initiative to improve Community Oriented Policing. The Innovation Groups March, 2002 "KM ‘aids and abets’ law enforcement" Law enforcement is an information-intensive process, beginning with data collection at crime scenes and extending through records management and analysis of data to support crime-solving. KMWorld Vol 11, Issue 3, March, 2002 "Super Detective" When University of Arizona professor Hsinchun Chen combined police databases for a consortium of city police agencies, a super-detective was born. DG Online December, 2001 Fischer, Alan COPLINK* nabs criminals faster. Arizona Daily Star January 7, 2001   "Changing the Rules of the Game: How CopLink is Helping Police Departments Match Evidence Across Boundaries of Time and Space " Federal Computer Week news April, 2000 "New Computer Program Improves Information Sharing of Criminal Cases Between Law Enforcement Agencies" Justice Bulletin, National Criminal Justice Association December, 1999 "Coplink*: Database Detective" National Law Enforcement and Correction Center, Tech Beat Summer, 1999